Recent Technical Updates pg 21

LARGEST MEASLES EPIDEMIC IN NORTH AMERICA IN A DEC ...

In 2011, Canada experienced several measles importations—mostly from Europe, where more than 30,000 cases were reported. Although these imported cases were generally followed by limited or no se ...Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TWO LARGE MEASLES VIRUS OUTBREAKS ...

In Catalonia, a region in the Northeast of Spain with a population of more than 7.5 million inhabitants, autochthonous measles was declared eliminated in the year 2000 as the result of high Measl ...Source: Human Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics

TWO MEASLES OUTBREAKS AFTER IMPORTATION — UTAH, ...

In 2000, the last year in which an outbreak had occurred in Utah, measles was declared not endemic in the United States, but measles importations continue to occur, leading to outbreaks, especially am ...Source: MMWR

POST-EXPOSURE PASSIVE IMMUNISATION FOR PREVENTING ...

In countries with low incidences of measles, elimination strategies typically include an urgent response to a single reported case, including confirmation of the diagnosis, contact tracing and post-ex ...Source: The Cochraine Database of Systematic Reviews

MUMPS POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS WITH A THIRD DOSE O ...

In this report, the authors  assess secondary mumps attack rates among Orthodox Jewish household contacts in Orange County, New York, who received PEP with a third dose of MMR vaccine within 5 da ...Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPHYLAXIS FOR MEASLES CONTA ...

Measles is a notifiable condition in NSW, and public health follow-up involves interviews with the affected person or carer, advice about minimising spread to others, identification of exposed contact ...Source: NSW Public Health Bulletin

RUBELLA AND CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME CONTROL AN ...

Near elimination of rubella and CRS in the Americas proves that the tools exist to make elimination possible, and substantial progress is being made globally. However, gaps in surveillance limit the a ...Source: MMWR

BALANCING EVIDENCE AND UNCERTAINTY WHEN CONSIDERIN ...

In this report, the authors present an analysis aimed at helping policy makers, program funders and other stakeholders reason about the utility of introducing rubella vaccination in specific settings ...Source: PLoS One

PREVENTION OF MEASLES, RUBELLA, CONGENITAL RUBELLA ...

In this report, the authors present a compendium of all current recommendations for the prevention of measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), and mumps. They present the recent revisions ...Source: MMWR

MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA

In this report, the authors present a review of measles, mumps and rubella vaccine use and especially implications in pregancy. The report doccumenta that a) Measles exposure during pregnancy may caus ...Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology

SEROPREVALENCE OF RUBELLA IGG ANTIBODY IN PREGNANT ...

It is necessary to determine the rubella susceptibility of pregnant women in a population in order to highlight the risk of CRS and possibly determine the feasibility of rubella vaccination as a natio ...Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine

EVALUATION OF 44 PEDIATRIC MEASLES CASES DETECTED ...

Measles vaccine is included in routine vaccination programs, and the decrease in the number of cases has led to the extension of the period between outbreaks. However, in Europe the last two year ...Source: Microbiology Bulletin

COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE OF A WILD-TYPE MEASLES VI ...

MV wild-type (wt) infection chains have been recently observed all over Europe. In 2013, 704 measles cases were reported in Upper Bavaria and 306 in Munich. In this report, the authors isolated MV f ...Source: Genome Announcements

WILD-TYPE MEASLES VIRUSES WITH NON-STANDARD GENOME ...

Experimental evidence with recombinant genomes demonstrated that the total length of the MeV genome must be divisible by six to produce a viable virus (the rule-of-six). While the standard length of t ...Source: PLoS One

TRANSMISSION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF WIL ...

Romania experienced a measles epidemic that started in December 2004 and lasted until early 2007 [11]. More than 9,000 cases were detected mostly in non-immunized patients belonging to the Roma ethnic ...Source: Euro Surveillance and Outbreaks Report

A RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF A STANDARD DOSE OF EDMONSTON ...

Randomized trials have confirmed that measles vaccine has beneficial nonspecific effects, and therefore measles vaccine probably reduces severity or provide protection against infections other than me ...Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases

DIFFICULTIES IN ELIMINATING MEASLES AND CONTROLLIN ...

Despite the safe, free, and high uptake rate of the two doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) and rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) and one dose of mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV), measles, mumps, ...Source: PLoS One

AGE-APPROPRIATE VACCINATION AGAINST MEASLES AND DP ...

The level of immunity that children under nine months possess varies considerably depending on whether the mother acquired measles immunity via vaccination or natural infection, and on antibody variab ...Source: BMC Public Health

MEASLES HUMORAL AND CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN CHIL ...

Measles immunization of infants aged as young as 3 months has shown partial success, with failures in younger infants attributed to interference from passively acquired antibodies and to limitations o ...Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases

MONITORING PROGRESS TOWARDS THE ELIMINATION OF MEA ...

In 2005, the Regional Committee for WHO’s Western Pacific Region resolved to attempt to eliminate measles from the Western Pacific Region by 2012. In setting this target, the Committee defined m ...Source: WHO Bulletin

IMPACT OF MEASLES NATIONAL VACCINATION COVERAGE ON ...

Previous studies have investigated the relationship between the incidence of measles, or the likelihood of new outbreaks, and the vaccination coverage of a population. However, no studies are known to ...Source: Vaccine

MEASLES ELIMINATION: PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND IMP ...

As interest in measles elimination increases, there are calls to include rubella in measles control and elimination activities. Recently, GAVI has made funding available for MR catch-up campaigns in c ...Source: Expert Review of Vaccines

MEASLES RESURGENCE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA: CHALLENGES ...

On the request of Authors, I am posting this article in full text for colleagues on the African Region. This documentation of trans-boundary spread of measles outbreaks, that affected wide age-groups ...Source: Vaccine

LOCAL DISCREPANCIES IN MEASLES VACCINATION OPPORTU ...

In order to sustain gains in measles control and further reduce mortality, an understanding of whether each of these vaccination opportunities reaches children is essential. Vaccination coverage is th ...Source: BMC Public Health

INTERVENE BEFORE LEAVING: CLUSTERED LOT QUALITY AS ...

From 24 to 29 November 2009, Sierra Leone conducted a preventive yellow fever (YF) vaccination campaign among individuals aged nine months or older in six of its 14 health districts. The campaign was ...Source: BMC Public Health

ACHIEVING COMPREHENSIVE CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION: AN ...

Immunization coverage, particularly in the developing world, has been shown to be associated with several socio-economic and demographic factors, such as parental education, economic status, region of ...Source: Health Policy and Planning

INEQUITY IN CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION IN INDIA: A SYS ...

Equity in immunization should not be restricted to merely creating equal opportunities for immunization of children within the country. It should also be concerned with identifying the groups at highe ...Source: Indian Paediatrics

IMPROVING GLOBAL VIROLOGIC SURVEILLANCE FOR MEASLE ...

Molecular characterization of viruses has provided a valuable tool for measuring the effectiveness of measles control programs. Virologic surveillance that is sensitive enough to document the interrup ...Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases

GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HEMAGGLUTININ GENE ...

The genome of measles virus contains six genes that encode the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix (M), fusion (F), hemagglutinin (H), and polymerase (L) proteins. The H protein, an 80 kilod ...Source: PLoS One

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MEASLES VIRUSES THAT ...

Measles virus is monotypic, but genetic variation in the hemagglutinin (H) and nucleoprotein (N) genes can be analyzed by molecular epidemiologic techniques and used to study virus transmission patter ...Source: Virology Journal

TRANSMISSION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF WIL ...

Genetic characterisation of measles viruses constitutes an important part of laboratory surveillance. Molecular epidemiology confirms the transmission pathway of measles virus, thereby complementing c ...Source: Euro Surveillance Bulletin

THE GENETIC BASIS FOR INTERINDIVIDUAL IMMUNE RESPO ...

Although effective, the current live-attenuated measles vaccines have limitations. Vaccine failure (i.e., the failure for the individual to either mount or sustain a protective immune response) occurs ...Source: Expert Review of Vaccines

MULTIGENIC CONTROL OF MEASLES VACCINE IMMUNITY MED ...

Measles infection and vaccine response are complex biological processes that involve both viral and host genetic factors. Given the multi-factorial nature of diseases and the complexity of biological ...Source: Vaccine

MEASLES VIRUS RECEPTOR POLYMORPHISMS INFLUENCE REC ...

Host immunogenetics is likely to be a critical factor in the modulation of vaccine responses, with measles vaccine antibody responses in particular shown to have high heritability. In previously prime ...Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology

GLOBAL CONTROL AND REGIONAL ELIMINATION OF MEASLES ...

In 2010, the World Health Assembly established three milestones towards global measles eradication to be reached by 2015. Since that time, elimination goals have been set by member states of all six W ...Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER)

PROGRESS TOWARD MEASLES PRE ELIMINATION — AFRICA ...

In 2008 the 46 member states of the WHO African Region (AFR) adopted a measles pre-elimination goal to be reached by the end of 2012. To attain this regional goal, the following strategies were to be ...Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER)

PROGRESS TOWARD MEASLES ELIMINATION-WESTERN PACIFI ...

In 2012, the WPR Regional Committee reaffirmed its commitment to eliminate measles and urged member states to interrupt all residual endemic measles virus transmission as rapidly as possible. To achie ...Source: MMWR

THE AMERICAS: PAVING THE ROAD TOWARD GLOBAL MEASLE ...

During the 24th Pan American Sanitary Conference in 1994, ministers of health passed resolution CSP24.R16, setting a goal to eliminate measles from the Region of the Americas by 2000. The approval of ...Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases

EPIDEMIC OF MEASLES FOLLOWING THE NATIONWIDE MASS ...

In 2005, the Ministry of Health of China pledged to join the global effort to eliminate measles by 2012 (i.e., to reduce measles incidence to below 1/1,000,000, excluding imported cases). An important ...Source: BMC Infectious Diseases

POSSIBLE NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF MEASLES IN UNV ...

Measles vaccination has been compulsory in Singapore since 1985. Under the National Childhood Immunization Programme, the first dose of the trivalent measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine is to be ...Source: Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal

OUTBREAK OF MEASLES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA, 2007 ...

The Republic of Korea (ROK) launched a Five-Year Measles Elimination Program in 2001. By 2006, ROK was the first country in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region to declare measle ...Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases

NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF MEASLES AMONG HEALTHCAR ...

Measles among HCWs accounts for a relatively small proportion of the reported cases but is important because of the potential for transmission of the disease to susceptible colleagues (thereby disrupt ...Source: Euro Surveillance and Outbreaks Report

DIFFICULTIES IN ELIMINATING MEASLES AND CONTROLLIN ...

Measles containing vaccines (MCV) was introduced in 1970s and early 1980s in the expanded program on Immunization in Zhejiang province, China. In 1985, the MV program was amended so that an additional ...Source: PLoS One

LOCAL DISCREPANCIES IN MEASLES VACCINATION OPPORTU ...

In order to sustain gains in measles control and further reduce mortality, an understanding of whether each of the measles vaccination opportunities reach children is essential. Vaccination coverage i ...Source: BMC Public Health

MEASLES VACCINATION COVERAGE ESTIMATES FROM SURVEY ...

Recent outbreaks of measles in low-income countries highlight that conventional vaccination coverage indicators do not adequately identify susceptible children. There is increasing interest in immune ...Source: BMC Public Health

IMMUNISATION COVERAGE AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS IN RURA ...

The published reports on the vaccination status of infants in Tanzania do not provide detailed data on the infants in difficult-to-reach populations in rural, remote communities. In remote areas, and ...Source: Rural and Remote Health

A CLUSTER RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF A WEB BAS ...

Few studies have evaluated decision aids for childhood immunization decisions. In New Zealand, a childhood immunization paper based decision aid reduced parent s anxiety about making the decision and ...Source: Vaccine

RANDOMISED CLUSTER TRIAL TO SUPPORT INFORMED PAREN ...

A recent systematic review identified the decision support needs of parents making child health decisions (including immunization); these related to three themes: (i) a need for timely, consistent up- ...Source: BMC Public Health

COMMUNICATING WITH PARENTS ABOUT VACCINATION: A FR ...

Health professionals have a central role in maintaining public trust in vaccination; this includes addressing parents  vaccine concerns. These concerns will likely increase as vaccination schedul ...Source: BMC Public Health

HEALTHCARE WORKERS ROLE IN KEEPING MMR VACCINATIO ...

In spite of the solid evidence base on the efficacy and safety of measles vaccination, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers in Europe appear at times erratic: the misconception that measles i ...Source: Euro Surveillance

THINK GLOBALLY, ACT LOCALLY: THE ROLE OF LOCAL DEM ...

Despite broad improvement towards the vaccine coverage goals over the past decades, endemic measles transmission persists in much of the world and incidence has been observed to increase in recent yea ...Source: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

TOWARDS THE ENDGAME AND BEYOND: COMPLEXITIES AND C ...

Vaccination has successfully interrupted circulation of poliomyelitis, measles, rubella and has drastically reduced the incidence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and canine rabies throughout the Ameri ...Source: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

SMALLPOX: CAN WE STILL LEARN FROM THE JOURNEY TO E ...

Almost two hundred years after Edward Jenner s landmark publication showing the efficacy of prophylactic immunization for smallpox, a worldwide campaign successfully eradicated this dreaded disease th ...Source: The Indian Journal of Medical Research

LOCAL DISCREPANCIES IN MEASLES VACCINATION OPPORTU ...

In order to sustain gains in measles control and further reduce mortality, an understanding of whether each of these vaccination opportunities reaches children is essential. Vaccination coverage is th ...Source: BMC Public Health

COMMUNITY-BASED MEASLES MORTALITY SURVEILLANCE IN ...

Measuring measles mortality can be difficult, and estimates of measles case fatality ratios vary widely depending on the context. Retrospective mortality surveys can be time and resource intensive, an ...Source: BMC Research Notes

HIGH LEVELS OF MORTALITY, MALNUTRITION, AND MEASLE ...

In order to understand the health status and needs of the then-newly arrived refugee population, Epicentre and Médecins Sans Frontières conducted an exhaustive survey of all households i ...Source: Conflict and Health

MEASLES OUTBREAKS IN DISPLACED POPULATIONS: A REVI ...

Despite measles control strategies in refugee settings, case-fatality rates (CFR) as high as 34% have been reported. In contrast, measles fatality rates in stable populations are around 2%. Among refu ...Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights

THE ECONOMIC BURDEN OF SIXTEEN MEASLES OUTBREAKS O ...

Since the elimination of indigenous measles from the United States (US) was documented in 2000, relatively low numbers of cases per year (average of 71 cases, range 37–140) were reported during ...Source: Vaccine

THE ECONOMIC DISEASE BURDEN OF MEASLES IN JAPAN AN ...

Between 1999 and 2003, Japan experienced a series of measles epidemics. During these epidemics, the number of reported cases ranged from 5,957 (1999) to 34,734 (2001). The measles epidemics of 1999-20 ...Source: BMC Health Services Research

GLOBAL ERADICATION OF MEASLES: AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC AN ...

Because of the success of the measles-associated mortality reduction and elimination efforts thus far, WHO member states requested an assessment of whether global eradication of measles is programmati ...Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases