Friday, 24th of June 2011 |
II: FEASIBILITY OF MEASLES ERADICATION
Biological Feasibility of Measles Eradication
+ Author Affiliations
Abstract
Recent progress in reducing global measles mortality has renewed interest in measles eradication. Three biological criteria are deemed important for disease eradication: (1) humans are the sole pathogen reservoir; (2) accurate diagnostic tests exist; and (3) an effective, practical intervention is available at reasonable cost. Interruption of transmission in large geographical areas for prolonged periods further supports the feasibility of eradication. Measles is thought by many experts to meet these criteria: no nonhuman reservoir is known to exist, accurate diagnostic tests are available, and attenuated measles vaccines are effective and immunogenic. Measles has been eliminated in large geographical areas, including the Americas. Measles eradication is biologically feasible. The challenges for measles eradication will be logistical, political, and financial.
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/204/suppl_1/S47.abstract
Comparing Measles With Previous Eradication Programs: Enabling and Constraining Factors
+ Author Affiliations
Abstract
Background. Five major disease eradication initiatives were initiated during the second half of the 20th century. The enabling and constraining factors—political, social, economic, and other—for these previous and current eradication programs can inform decision making regarding a proposed measles eradication initiative.
Methods.We reviewed the literature on the yaws, malaria, smallpox, guinea worm, and polio eradication programs and compared enabling and constraining factors for each of these programs with the same factors as they relate to a possible measles eradication initiative.
Results. A potential measles eradication program would enjoy distinct advantages in comparison with earlier eradication programs, including strong political and societal support, economic analyses demonstrating a high level of cost-effectiveness, and a rigorous upfront process, compared with previous eradication initiatives, that has validated the feasibility of achieving measles eradication. However, increasing population density, urbanization, and wars/civil conflicts will pose serious challenges.
Conclusions. Measles eradication will be very challenging but probably not as difficult to achieve as polio eradication. Measles eradication should be undertaken only if the commitments and resources will be adequate to meet the political, social, economic, and technical challenges.
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/204/suppl_1/S54.abstract
Is There Enough Vaccine to Eradicate Measles? An Integrated Analysis of Measles-Containing Vaccine Supply and Demand
+ Author Affiliations
Abstract
Responding to regional advancements in combating measles, the World Health Organization in May 2008 called for an assessment of the feasibility of measles eradication, including whether sufficient vaccine supply exists. Interviews with international health officials and vaccine-makers provided data for a detailed model of worldwide demand and supply for measles-containing vaccine (MCV). The study projected global MCV demand through 2025 with and without a global eradication goal. The study found that 5.2 billion MCV doses must be administered during 2010–2025 to maintain current measles programs, and 5.9 billion doses would likely be needed with a 2020 eradication goal; in the most intensive scenario, demand could increase to 7.5 billion doses. These volumes are within existing and planned MCV-manufacturing capacity, although there are risks. In some markets, capacity is concentrated: Supply-chain disruptions could reduce supply or increase prices. Mitigation strategies could include stockpiling, long-term contracts, and further coordination with manufacturers.
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/204/suppl_1/S62.abstract
Risk Analysis for Measles Reintroduction After Global Certification of Eradication
+ Author Affiliations
Abstract
Background. Measles virus will continue to exist after certification of global eradication as virus stocks and infectious materials held in laboratories, in persistently and chronically infected individuals, and possibly in undetected foci of transmission. A literature search was undertaken to identify and evaluate the main risks for reintroduction of measles transmission in the absence of universal measles immunization.
Methods. A qualitative risk assessment was conducted following a series of literature searches using the PubMed database.
Results. If the criteria for global certification of eradication are stringent and require rigorous validation, then the risk of undetected measles transmission after certification is very low. Risk of unintentional reintroduction from any source, including persistent infections and laboratory materials is low to very low but depends on the extent of measles vaccine use. If immunization levels decrease, measles will become a credible agent for bioterrorism through intentional release.
Conclusions. Posteradication risks are low and should not deter any attempt at measles eradication. More information on measles transmission dynamics and the role of atypical infections is required to determine requirements for global certification of eradication. Posteradication risks would be minimized through development and implementation of an international risk management strategy, including requirements for a posteradication vaccine stockpile.
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/204/suppl_1/S71.abstract
How Can Measles Eradication Strengthen Health Care Systems?
+ Author Affiliations
Abstract
Elimination and eradication initiatives are generally delivered through a vertical approach, which can potentially hamper health systems. We propose 3 approaches by which a measles eradication initiative can ensure that health systems are left strengthened when the eradication goal has been accomplished. First, focus should be placed on strengthening routine vaccination, which could generate positive trickle-up effects on other primary health care services. Second, increased integration with multifunctional health services should be emphasized. Third, efforts should be made to change traditional donor behavior that prioritizes vaccination campaigns and uses uncoordinated staff incentives.
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/204/suppl_1/S78.abstract
Impact of Measles Elimination Activities on Immunization Services and Health Systems: Findings From Six Countries
11. P. Ongolo-Zogo9,
12. U. Sadykova10,
14. M. Teixeira6,
16. A. Dabbagh11 and
17. U. K. Griffiths2
+ Author Affiliations
10. 10Dushanbe, Tajikistan
11. 11WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
Abstract
Background. One of the key concerns in determining the appropriateness of establishing a measles eradication goal is its potential impact on routine immunization services and the overall health system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of accelerated measles elimination activities (AMEAs) on immunization services and health systems in 6 countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Tajikistan, and Vietnam.
Methods. Primary data were collected from key informant interviews and staff profiling surveys. Secondary data were collected from policy documents, studies, and reports. Data analysis used qualitative approaches.
Results. This study found that the impact of AMEAs varied, with positive and negative implications in specific immunization and health system functions. On balance, the impacts on immunization services were largely positive in Bangladesh, Brazil, Tajikistan, and Vietnam, while negative impacts were more significant in Cameroon and Ethiopia.
Conclusions. We conclude that while weaker health systems may not be able to benefit sufficiently from AMEAs, in more developed health systems, disruptions to health service delivery are unlikely to occur. Opportunities to strengthen the routine immunization service and health system should be actively sought to address system bottlenecks in order to incur benefits to eradication program itself as well as other health priorities.
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/204/suppl_1/S82.abstract
Impact of Measles Eradication Activities on Routine Immunization Services and Health Systems in Bangladesh
+ Author Affiliations
Abstract
Background. Seroprevalence studies suggest that vaccination coverage of 90%–95% is needed to eliminate measles. In Bangladesh, routine measles vaccination coverage rates have recently reached 80%–85%. The Government of Bangladesh implemented catch-up vaccination through supplementary immunization activities (SIAs). The aim of the present study was to understand the impact of SIAs on immunization services and the health system.
Methods. The study was conducted at 4 sites, all of which had relatively low routine vaccination coverage rates. A document review was performed, followed by interviews of key personnel selected by purposive and snowball sampling. A staff profiling survey was also undertaken.
Results. Despite overall high levels of immunization, the expanded program on immunization for measles has not reached the coverage levels targeted by the Government of Bangladesh. The first SIAs vaccinated 35 million children, and the second targeted an additional 20 million. According to data and respondents, implementation of the SIAs was successful with sufficient funds being available, although timely disbursement of funds was inadequate in some areas. Staff were well motivated, and additional training helped boost a positive approach to vaccination.
Conclusions. The SIAs had a positive impact on health and immunization systems and have created a framework on which other health care interventions for bacterial and viral diseases could be based.
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/204/suppl_1/S90.abstract
Assessment of Immune Status Against Measles, Mum ...
Assessment of Immune Status Against Measles, Mumps, and Rubella in Young Kuwaitis: MMR Vaccine Efficacy. Madi N, Altawalah H, Alfouzan W ...2017 M&RI Partners Meeting Presentations
The global Measles and Rubella Initiative meeting was held in Washington DC on 7th and 8th Sept. 2017. The meeting which was hosted by American Red Cr ...STORIES OF LIFE IN A CHANGING WORLD Scientists Cr ...
STORIES OF LIFE IN A CHANGING WORLD Scientists Crack a 50-Year-Old Mystery about the Measles Vaccine Worth a little pain? Back in 1990 a school bo ...20 most consulted measles and rubella articles in ...
Dear AllToday we share a review of the year 2016 regarding measles and rubella items posted on our web page. We shared articles on topics ranging from ...Region of the Americas is declared free of measles ...
More information on this great milestone can be found on url link belowhttp://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=125 ...Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination — W ...
Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination — Worldwide, 2000–2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Best read, with ta ...Health Equity Initiative, New York, NY, 25-26 Febr ...
Health Equity Initiative, Summit, NYC, 25-26 February 2016 For details, consult http://www.healthequityinitiative.org/hei/programs/summit/REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL: MEASLES VACCINATION UNDER 9 ...
1 REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL: Measles Vaccination Under 9 Months of Age APPLICATION SUBMISSION DATE: January 26, 2015 1. In ...CARTOON CHARACTERS JOIN THE FIGHT AGAINST MEASLES
[source] Measles and Rubella Initiative[|source]Thanks to reader Jane Wachira for pointing out the following weblink. Measles eradication consists not ...I LOVE/HATE THIS GLOBAL VACCINATION COVERAGE GRAPH ...
[source]Rosling s FactPod[|source]This video from Hans Rosling explaining what he loves with global measles vaccination coverage trends namely rapid i ...POWER POINT PRESENTATIONS FROM THE 13TH ANNUAL ADV ...
[source]Measles and Rubella Initiative[|source]The Measles and Rubella Initiative has spent much effort fighting for its cause by means of widespread ...CALLING THE SHOTS
[source]PBS Network[|source]"VACCINES -- CALLING THE SHOTS" This TV program, broadcast on the PBS network, looks at the commonest arguments by anti-v ...COMBATING HEALTHCARE CORRUPTION AND FRAUD WITH IMP ...
[source]BMC International Health and Human Rights[|source]Corruption is a serious threat to global health outcomes, leading to financial waste and adv ...CORRUPTION KILLS: ESTIMATING THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF ...
[source]PLoS One[|source]Many countries still have high levels of child mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, and in recent ye ...READY OR NOT: RESPONDING TO MEASLES IN THE POSTELI ...
[source]Annals of Internal Medicine[|source]Opnion Paper Although endemic measles was eliminated in the United States in 2000, two concurrent measle ...RUBELLA AND CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME CONTROL AN ...
[source]Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)[|source]In 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated guidance on the preferred strategy f ...PROGRESS TOWARDS MEASLES ELIMINATION – EASTERN M ...
[source]Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER)[|source]During the period 2008–2012, regional progress towards measles elimination stagnated, and th ...THE IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME THAT SAVED MILLIONS OF ...
[source]Bulletin of the WHO[|source]In the world vaccination week, the Bulletin of the World Health Organization outlines the history, status and impa ...HEALTH SYSTEM COST OF DELIVERING ROUTINE VACCINATI ...
[source]Bulletin of the WHO[|source]On the eve of the 40th anniversary of launching of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in 1974, during th ...World Immunization Week
[source]WHO/IVB Publication[|source]Never miss another jab, The slogan for World Immunization Week 2014 is “Immunize for a healthy future: Know ...Measles: know the risks, check your status, protec ...
[source]WHO/IVB Publication[|source]Measles is a highly contagious, serious disease caused by a virus. In 1980, before widespread vaccination, measles ...THE RIGHTS OF THE UNVACCINATED CHILD: THE LEGAL FR ...
[source]Los Angeles Times[|source]In light of what s starting to look like a surge of measles cases spread by unvaccinated carriers, Hasting ...Consultants: Measles and rubella control/eliminati ...
[source]Technical Network for Strengthening EPI[|source]Announcement solicits interest from potential candidates to act as consultants for WHO through ...PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICIALS MARK 50TH YEAR OF MEASLES ...
[source]Journal of American Medical Association[|source]Until the 1960s, measles was a rite of passage for US children; nearly all had the disease bef ...THE TOLL OF THE ANTI-VACCINATION MOVEMENT, IN ONE ...
[source]Los Angelos Times[|source]Aaron Carroll today offers a graphic depiction of the toll of the anti-vaccination movement. It comes from a Council ...“Can we use $30 of the taxes you’re already pa ...
[source]Annual Letter of BMGF[|source]If you were asked this question today, what answer would you give? Bill and Melinda Gates ask, "Would you check ...REACHING HARD-TO-REACH INDIVIDUALS: NONSELECTIVE V ...
[source]American Journal of Epidemiology[|source]Source: American Journal of Epidemiology The World Health Organization guidelines for response to me ...Rubella and Congenital rubella syndrome control an ...
[source]Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER)[|source]Full text record of Rubella and CRS control/elimination are available at http://www.who.int/wer/20 ...Measles Press Conference at CDC: 50th Anniversary ...
[source]CDC Media Release, 5th Dec[|source]Full text, video and question and answer session for journalists all avalable at http://www.cdc.gov/media/r ...A bibliometric analysis of childhood immunization ...
[source]BMC Medicine[|source]During the past four decades national EPI programs have developed or adapted and implemented a broad range of strategies ...Lessons from the tragic measles outbreak in Samoa
Monday, 9th of March 2020 |
Characterisation of diversity of measles viruses in India: genomic sequencing and comparative genomics studies.
Monday, 9th of March 2020 |
The elimination of measles in Iran
Monday, 9th of March 2020 |
Measles-containing vaccines in Brazil: Coverage,
Monday, 9th of March 2020 |
Measles-containing vaccines in Brazil: Coverage, homogeneity of coverage and associations with contextual factors at municipal level.
Monday, 9th of March 2020 |
Website Views |
47434891 |