Factors associated with routine childhood vaccine uptake and reasons for non-vaccination in India: 1998–2008

Thursday, 11th of October 2018

Factors associated with routine childhood vaccine uptake and reasons for non-vaccination in India: 1998–2008

Author links open overlay panelMark RohitFrancis^aHannaNohynek^bHeidiLarson^cVinoharBalraj^dVenkata RaghavaMohan^eGagandeepKang^fJ. PekkaNuorti^ab

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.026Get rights and content

Highlights

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Disparities in vaccine uptake were associated with many maternal and socio-demographic characteristics.

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Gaps in awareness acceptance and affordability were underlying reasons for non-vaccination.

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Need to address parental fears and increase trust to improve uptake of routine vaccinations in India.

Abstract

Background

Despite almost three decades of the Universal Immunization Program in India a little more than half the children aged 12–23 months receive the full schedule of routine vaccinations. We examined socio-demographic factors associated with partial-vaccination and non-vaccination and the reasons for non-vaccination among Indian children during 1998 and 2008.

Methods

Data from three consecutive nationally-representative District Level Household and Facility Surveys (1998–99 2002–04 and 2007–08) were pooled. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify individual and household level socio-demographic variables associated with the childs vaccination status. The mothers reported reasons for non-vaccination were analyzed qualitatively adapting from a previously published framework.

Results

The pooled dataset contained information on 178473 children 12–23 months of age; 53% 32% and 15% were fully vaccinated partially vaccinated and unvaccinated respectively. Compared with the 1998–1999 survey children in the 2007–2008 survey were less likely to be unvaccinated (Adjusted Prevalence Odds Ratio (aPOR): 0.92 95%CI = 0.86–0.98) but more likely to be partially vaccinated (aPOR: 1.58 95%CI = 1.52–1.65). Vaccination status was inversely associated with female gender Muslim religion lower caste urban residence and maternal characteristics such as lower educational attainment non-institutional delivery fewer antenatal care visits and non-receipt of maternal tetanus vaccination. The mothers reported reasons for non-vaccination indicated gaps in awareness acceptance and affordability (financial and non-financial costs) related to routine vaccinations.

Conclusions

Persisting socio-demographic disparities related to partial-vaccination and non-vaccination were associated with important childhood maternal and household characteristics. Further research investigating the causal pathways through which maternal and social characteristics influence decision-making for childhood vaccinations is needed to improve uptake of routine vaccination in India. Also efforts to increase uptake should address parental fears related to vaccination to improve trust in government health services as part of ongoing social mobilization and communication strategies.

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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