Trend in mortality from a recent measles outbreak in Cameroon: a retrospective analysis of 223 measles cases in the Benakuma Health District

Monday, 4th of April 2016

Trend in mortality from a recent measles outbreak in Cameroon a retrospective analysis of 223 measles cases in the Benakuma Health District

Tsi Njim^{1 2 &} Kimbong Agyingi³ Leopold Ndemnge Aminde⁴⁵ Edwin Fon Atunji³

 ¹Regional Hospital Bamenda Bamenda North west region Cameroon ²Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Group Douala Cameroon ³District Hospital Benakuma Benakuma North west region Cameroon⁴School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Australia⁵Clinical Research Education Networking and Consultancy Douala Cameroon

 ^&Corresponding author
Tsi Njim Regional Hospital Bamenda Bamenda North West Region Cameroon

 Abstract

Introduction measles is a highly contagious viral infection with high mortality in poorly vaccinated regions. We sought to establish the trend in mortality and the factors that favoured the recent measles outbreak that occurred in Benakuma in the North west region of Cameroon from the 21/06/2015 to 26/09/2015.

 

Methods we carried out a retrospective register analysis of 223 measles cases. Time trends were established using the Mann-Kendall test while survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log rank test for comparisons.

 

Results we had a case fatality of 8.5% and the mortality decreased significantly (p = 0.01) after the following public health interventions were instituted community sensitisation and education; outbreak response immunisation and the use of a clinician in controlling the outbreak. Furthermore the number of cases (p < 0.01) and the duration from onset of illness to consultation at a health facility (p < 0.01) decreased significantly after the institution of the aforementioned interventions. Also survival during the outbreak was better in females (p = 0.02) and in those treated in health facilities (p < 0.01).

 

Conclusion the poor vaccination status in Benakuma coupled with negative cultural beliefs; poor socioeconomic and environmental factors and inadequate public health policies predisposed the region to a measles outbreak and favoured the spread of the virus. Public health policies should be revisited modified and intensified to scale up vaccination coverage in measles endemic zones in Cameroon to help eliminate the disease and facilitate the overall attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals.