IMMUNITY TO MEASLES, MUMPS AND RUBELLA IN US CHILDREN WITH PERINATAL HIV INFECTION OR PERINATAL HIV EXPOSURE WITHOUT INFECTION

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IMMUNITY TO MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA IN US CHILDREN WITH PERINATAL HIV INFECTION OR PERINATAL HIV EXPOSURE WITHOUT INFECTION

Siberry GK¹, Patel K², Bellini WJ³, Karalius B², Purswani MU⁴, Burchett SK⁵, Meyer WA 3rd⁶, Sowers SB³, Ellis A⁷, Van Dyke RB⁸; Pediatric HIV AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS); Pediatric HIV AIDS Cohort Study PHACS.

Collaborators (47)

Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Jun 9. pii: civ440. [Epub ahead of print]

• ¹Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
• ²Department of Epidemiology, Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
• ³Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Herpesviruses Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
• ⁴Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, New York.
• ⁵Boston Childrens Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts.
• ⁶Quest Diagnostics, Baltimore, Maryland.
• ⁷Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Inc, Buffalo, New York.
• ⁸Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Abstract below; full text is available to journal subscribers.

BACKGROUND:

  Children with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (PHIV) may not be protected against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) because of impaired initial vaccine response or waning immunity. Our objectives were to estimate seroimmunity in PHIV-infected and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children and identify predictors of immunity in the PHIV cohort.

METHODS:

  PHIV and HEU children were enrolled in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) at ages 7-15 years from 2007 to 2009. At annual visits, demographic, laboratory, immunization, and clinical data were abstracted and serologic specimens collected. Most recent serologic specimen was used to determine measles seroprotection by plaque reduction neutralization assay and rubella seroprotection and mumps seropositivity by enzyme immunoassay. Sustained combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was defined as taking cART for at least 3 months.

RESULTS:

  Among 428 PHIV and 221 HEU PHACS participants, the prevalence was significantly lower in PHIV children for measles seroprotection (57% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 52%-62%] vs 99% [95% CI, 96%-100%]), rubella seroprotection (65% [95% CI, 60%-70%] vs 98% [95% CI, 95%-100%]), and mumps seropositivity (59% [95% CI, 55%-64%] vs 97% [95% CI, 94%-99%]). On multivariable analysis, greater number of vaccine doses while receiving sustained cART and higher nadir CD4 percentage between last vaccine dose and serologic testing independently improved the cumulative prediction of measles seroprotection in PHIV. Predictors of rubella seroprotection and mumps seropositivity were similar.

CONCLUSIONS:

  High proportions of PHIV-infected children, but not HEU children, lack serologic evidence of immunity to MMR, despite documented immunization and current cART. Effective cART before immunization is a strong predictor of current seroimmunity.

Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2015. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.