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In 2011 the US experienced a marked increase in measles cases and outbreaks. All initial measles cases in these outbreaks were import-associated, defined as meeting one or more of the following criteria, a) measles cases were imported from other countries, or b) were epidemiologically linked to importations, or c) had viral genetic evidence of an imported genotype, or d) were epidemiologically linked to an imported virus. Due to its high infectiousness and the potential severity of complications, a measles outbreak often constitutes a serious public health event entailing a vigorous response from local public health departments and can involve multiple states and counties.
In this report, authors reviewed the amount of effort and resources reallocated and document the economic burden of the sixteen measles outbreaks reported in 2011 on local and state public health departments in the US. The report documents that staging effective responses to measles outbreaks have a sizable economic impact on local and state public health departments. More details on the exact costs and recommendations are accessible at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X13013649
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Despite vaccination efforts and documentation of elimination of indigenous measles in 2000, the United States (US) experienced a marked increase in imported cases and outbreaks of measles in 2011. Due to the high infectiousness and potential severity of measles, these outbreaks require a vigorous response from public health institutions. The effort and resources required to respond to these outbreaks are likely to impose a significant economic burden on these institutions.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the economic burden of measles outbreaks (defined as ≥3 epidemiologically linked cases) on the local and state public health institutions in the US in 2011.
METHODS: From the perspective of local and state public health institutions, we estimated personnel time and resources allocated to measles outbreak response in local and state public health departments, and estimated the corresponding costs associated with these outbreaks in the US in 2011. We used cost and resource utilization data from previous studies on measles outbreaks in the US and, relying on outbreak size classification based on a case-day index, we estimated costs incurred by local and state public health institutions.
RESULTS: In 2011, the US experienced 16 outbreaks with 107 confirmed cases. The average duration of an outbreak was 22 days (range: 5–68). The total estimated number of identified contacts to measles cases ranged from 8936 to 17,450, requiring from 42,635 to 83,133 personnel hours. Overall, the total economic burden on local and state public health institutions that dealt with measles outbreaks during 2011 ranged from an estimated $2.7 million to $5.3 million US dollars.
CONCLUSION: Investigating and responding to measles outbreaks imposes a significant economic burden on local and state health institutions. Such impact is compounded by the duration of the outbreak and the number of potentially susceptible contacts.