The Genetic Basis For Interindividual Immune Response Variation To Measles Vaccine: New Understanding And New Vaccine Approaches

Tuesday, 21st of January 2014

[source]Expert Review of Vaccines[|source]

Measles elimination has failed primarily due to failure to vaccinate, but also in part due to vaccine failure, allowing the accumulation of susceptible individuals and the occurrence of outbreaks when exposure occurs. Although effective, the current live-attenuated measles vaccines have limitations. Vaccine failure occurs despite the receipt of two doses of vaccine.

In this report, the authors examined two separate groups of healthy children who were immunized with two doses. The authors document that there are several important genetic determinants regulating measles vaccine-induced immunity, including HLA class I and HLA class II genotypes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokine/cytokine receptor genes and the membrane cofactor measles receptor CD46. More details and especially recommendations for future novel measles vaccines are available at:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3570049/

Abstract

The live-attenuated measles vaccine is effective, but measles outbreaks still occur in vaccinated populations. This warrants elucidation of the determinants of measles vaccine-induced protective immunity. Interindividual variability in markers of measles vaccine-induced immunity, including neutralizing antibody levels, is regulated in part by host genetic factor variations. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of measles vaccine immunogenetics relative to the perspective of developing better measles vaccines. Important genetic regulators of measles vaccine-induced immunity, such as HLA class I and HLA class II genotypes, single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokine/cytokine receptor genes (IL12B, IL12RB1, IL2, IL10) and the cell surface measles virus receptor CD46 gene, have been identified and independently replicated. New technologies present many opportunities for identification of novel genetic signatures and genetic architectures. These findings help explain a variety of immune response-related phenotypes and promote a new paradigm of  vaccinomics  for novel vaccine development.