Monday, 15th of April 2013 |
Documented imported CRS cases into the US from Africa are documented here. Full text details are available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6212a3.htm?s_cid=mm6212a3_w
Abstract
Since 2004, when rubella and CRS elimination were documented in the United States, six cases of CRS have been reported, including the three cases described here. In five cases, infection of the mother in a foreign country was thought highly probable, given travel history (i.e., Nigeria, Tanzania, Sudan, Ivory Coast, and either India, China, or Singapore). In one case, the mother did not report international travel. Although few cases of CRS have been reported in the United States, rubella continues to circulate in many other parts of the world, and the risk remains for severe effects from CRS, including death. In this report, one of the three infants with CRS died.
In 2011, a total of 130 countries, comprising approximately 41% of the world's birth cohort, included rubella-containing vaccine in their national childhood immunization program (5). However, in the African Region, only three countries have introduced rubella-containing vaccine into their routine childhood vaccination program. In 2009, the Region of the Americas reached its 2010 rubella and CRS elimination goal. The European Region and Western Pacific Region have rubella control or elimination goals, but rubella continues to circulate in these regions. The African, Eastern Mediterranean, and South-East Asia regions do not have a regional rubella or CRS control or elimination goal at this time because of the additional cost of the rubella component and competing priorities (e.g., polio eradication).
Health-care providers should consider CRS if the mother of an infant with compatible congenital birth defects traveled during her pregnancy to an area where rubella circulates or was exposed to someone who traveled to such an area. As a nationally notifiable condition, all suspected cases of CRS should be reported immediately to the local health department, which, in turn, reports them to CDC via the state health department. Both serum and throat swab specimens should be collected as soon as CRS is suspected. Either serum positive for rubella IgM antibody or a throat swab positive for rubella RNA is confirmatory for CRS in a patient with compatible signs.
At this time, during maintenance of CRS elimination in the United States, confirmation at CDC of all laboratory results that support diagnoses of CRS cases is recommended. Molecular characterization of the virus is critical because the viral genotype can substantiate the suspected source of the virus or suggest one if the source is unknown, because some of the circulating genotypes are associated with specific geographic areas. Heightened awareness, gathering of pertinent information, and collection of appropriate specimens are required of the health-care provider and public health department to diagnose and investigate a case of CRS; however, these surveillance efforts are crucial to maintaining elimination in the United States.
As long as rubella remains endemic in any area of the world, imported CRS will continue to be a public health concern in the United States. Residents or foreign visitors entering the United States from rubella-endemic areas can introduce the virus. In addition, infants born with CRS can shed infectious virus for several months; therefore, care must be taken to avoid contact with others who are susceptible to rubella (e.g., unvaccinated infants in day-care settings). Although levels of vaccination with rubella-containing vaccine are high in the United States, a small proportion of persons are not vaccinated for medical or personal reasons. Those who are not vaccinated against rubella virus can become infected if exposed. If a pregnant woman is infected with rubella virus, the fetus also can become infected. Fetal infection with rubella virus, especially early during pregnancy, often leads to CRS. The risk for CRS in the unborn child of a mother with rubella infection might be as high as 90% for infections occurring through week 10 of pregnancy. Clusters of unvaccinated persons are at high risk of an outbreak, as in the Netherlands and Canada in 2009. Health-care providers and public health workers should remain vigilant for imported cases of CRS.
Assessment of Immune Status Against Measles, Mum ...
Assessment of Immune Status Against Measles, Mumps, and Rubella in Young Kuwaitis: MMR Vaccine Efficacy. Madi N, Altawalah H, Alfouzan W ...2017 M&RI Partners Meeting Presentations
The global Measles and Rubella Initiative meeting was held in Washington DC on 7th and 8th Sept. 2017. The meeting which was hosted by American Red Cr ...STORIES OF LIFE IN A CHANGING WORLD Scientists Cr ...
STORIES OF LIFE IN A CHANGING WORLD Scientists Crack a 50-Year-Old Mystery about the Measles Vaccine Worth a little pain? Back in 1990 a school bo ...20 most consulted measles and rubella articles in ...
Dear AllToday we share a review of the year 2016 regarding measles and rubella items posted on our web page. We shared articles on topics ranging from ...Region of the Americas is declared free of measles ...
More information on this great milestone can be found on url link belowhttp://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=125 ...Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination — W ...
Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination — Worldwide, 2000–2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Best read, with ta ...Health Equity Initiative, New York, NY, 25-26 Febr ...
Health Equity Initiative, Summit, NYC, 25-26 February 2016 For details, consult http://www.healthequityinitiative.org/hei/programs/summit/REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL: MEASLES VACCINATION UNDER 9 ...
1 REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL: Measles Vaccination Under 9 Months of Age APPLICATION SUBMISSION DATE: January 26, 2015 1. In ...CARTOON CHARACTERS JOIN THE FIGHT AGAINST MEASLES
[source] Measles and Rubella Initiative[|source]Thanks to reader Jane Wachira for pointing out the following weblink. Measles eradication consists not ...I LOVE/HATE THIS GLOBAL VACCINATION COVERAGE GRAPH ...
[source]Rosling s FactPod[|source]This video from Hans Rosling explaining what he loves with global measles vaccination coverage trends namely rapid i ...POWER POINT PRESENTATIONS FROM THE 13TH ANNUAL ADV ...
[source]Measles and Rubella Initiative[|source]The Measles and Rubella Initiative has spent much effort fighting for its cause by means of widespread ...CALLING THE SHOTS
[source]PBS Network[|source]"VACCINES -- CALLING THE SHOTS" This TV program, broadcast on the PBS network, looks at the commonest arguments by anti-v ...COMBATING HEALTHCARE CORRUPTION AND FRAUD WITH IMP ...
[source]BMC International Health and Human Rights[|source]Corruption is a serious threat to global health outcomes, leading to financial waste and adv ...CORRUPTION KILLS: ESTIMATING THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF ...
[source]PLoS One[|source]Many countries still have high levels of child mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, and in recent ye ...READY OR NOT: RESPONDING TO MEASLES IN THE POSTELI ...
[source]Annals of Internal Medicine[|source]Opnion Paper Although endemic measles was eliminated in the United States in 2000, two concurrent measle ...RUBELLA AND CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME CONTROL AN ...
[source]Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)[|source]In 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated guidance on the preferred strategy f ...PROGRESS TOWARDS MEASLES ELIMINATION – EASTERN M ...
[source]Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER)[|source]During the period 2008–2012, regional progress towards measles elimination stagnated, and th ...THE IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME THAT SAVED MILLIONS OF ...
[source]Bulletin of the WHO[|source]In the world vaccination week, the Bulletin of the World Health Organization outlines the history, status and impa ...HEALTH SYSTEM COST OF DELIVERING ROUTINE VACCINATI ...
[source]Bulletin of the WHO[|source]On the eve of the 40th anniversary of launching of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in 1974, during th ...World Immunization Week
[source]WHO/IVB Publication[|source]Never miss another jab, The slogan for World Immunization Week 2014 is “Immunize for a healthy future: Know ...Measles: know the risks, check your status, protec ...
[source]WHO/IVB Publication[|source]Measles is a highly contagious, serious disease caused by a virus. In 1980, before widespread vaccination, measles ...THE RIGHTS OF THE UNVACCINATED CHILD: THE LEGAL FR ...
[source]Los Angeles Times[|source]In light of what s starting to look like a surge of measles cases spread by unvaccinated carriers, Hasting ...Consultants: Measles and rubella control/eliminati ...
[source]Technical Network for Strengthening EPI[|source]Announcement solicits interest from potential candidates to act as consultants for WHO through ...PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICIALS MARK 50TH YEAR OF MEASLES ...
[source]Journal of American Medical Association[|source]Until the 1960s, measles was a rite of passage for US children; nearly all had the disease bef ...THE TOLL OF THE ANTI-VACCINATION MOVEMENT, IN ONE ...
[source]Los Angelos Times[|source]Aaron Carroll today offers a graphic depiction of the toll of the anti-vaccination movement. It comes from a Council ...“Can we use $30 of the taxes you’re already pa ...
[source]Annual Letter of BMGF[|source]If you were asked this question today, what answer would you give? Bill and Melinda Gates ask, "Would you check ...REACHING HARD-TO-REACH INDIVIDUALS: NONSELECTIVE V ...
[source]American Journal of Epidemiology[|source]Source: American Journal of Epidemiology The World Health Organization guidelines for response to me ...Rubella and Congenital rubella syndrome control an ...
[source]Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER)[|source]Full text record of Rubella and CRS control/elimination are available at http://www.who.int/wer/20 ...Measles Press Conference at CDC: 50th Anniversary ...
[source]CDC Media Release, 5th Dec[|source]Full text, video and question and answer session for journalists all avalable at http://www.cdc.gov/media/r ...A bibliometric analysis of childhood immunization ...
[source]BMC Medicine[|source]During the past four decades national EPI programs have developed or adapted and implemented a broad range of strategies ...Lessons from the tragic measles outbreak in Samoa
Monday, 9th of March 2020 |
Characterisation of diversity of measles viruses in India: genomic sequencing and comparative genomics studies.
Monday, 9th of March 2020 |
The elimination of measles in Iran
Monday, 9th of March 2020 |
Measles-containing vaccines in Brazil: Coverage,
Monday, 9th of March 2020 |
Measles-containing vaccines in Brazil: Coverage, homogeneity of coverage and associations with contextual factors at municipal level.
Monday, 9th of March 2020 |
Website Views |
47313766 |